Дислексія в процесі вивчення іноземної мови

Introduction .................................................................................... 5

What Is Dyslexia? .......................................................................... 6

Symptoms of dyslexia .................................................................. 8

Types of dyslexia ........................................................................13

Prerequisites for the acquisition of literacy and deficits caused by dyslexia ..........18

Phonological dyslexia ..................................................................19

Surface dyslexia .........................................................................19

Visual dyslexia ...........................................................................19

Primary dyslexia ........................................................................20

Secondary developmental dyslexia .................................................20

Trauma dyslexia also referred to as acquired dyslexia ........................20

Teachers’ Responsibilities the Pupils with Dyslexia........................20

Language learning and dyslexia .....................................................23

Dyslexia and foreign language learning ...........................................24

Dyslexia in other languages ..........................................................24

Methods used to help dyslexic students learn a foreign language ..........26

Study skills and dyslexia ..............................................................28

Alternative Arrangements for Modern Languages Assessments .......................33

Dyslexia Indicators at the Secondary Stage ..................................34

Which language is easiest for a dyslexic to learn?..............................35

Tips for learning a foreign language ...............................................36

What strategies do foreign language teachers use when teaching a dyslexic student? .......37

Specific teaching methods and strategies .........................................43

Practical Recommendations ........................................................44

Recommendations for primary / elementary school ............................44

Recommendations for lower secondary school ...................................45

Recommendations for upper secondary school ..................................45

Now some general hints & tips for dyslexic students ..........................46

Teaching vocabulary and teaching grammar .....................................49

Extensive reading and dyslexic learner ...........................................52

Technologies to enhance dyslexic learners ........................................53

Testing and evaluating ................................................................56

Dyslexia-friendly text .................................................................58

Different cultures, different languages, different cognitive styles: how to create a welcoming atmosphere in the classroom ......................59

Structuring learning activities ......................................................59

Most Frequently Asked Questions ................................................61

Treating Dysgraphia and / or Dyslexia ...........................................67

What dyslexia and dysgraphia have in common . ...............................67

Recognizing Writing Related Learning Difficulties........................67

Tips to improve writing ................................................................68

Tips for teachers .........................................................................70

Diagnosing Dyslexia and Dysgraphia............................................71

Symptoms of dysgraphia ..............................................................71

Types of dysgraphia ....................................................................72

Compensation is the first step .......................................................72

Check for proper handwriting position ............................................73

Tackle handwriting remediation ....................................................73

Dysgraphia also affects reading and spelling ....................................74

The bottom line: don’t let dysgraphia rob your child ..........................75

Treatment .................................................................................75

Accommodations ........................................................................76

What modifications or accomodations help? .....................................77

Should children with dysgraphia use cursive writing instead of printing? ..................77

What about dyspraxia and visual processing disorders? .....................77

Strategies for Dealing with Dysgraphia .......................................80

Five Myths about: Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, Dysgraphia, Dyspraxia…………...89

Dyslexia .......................................................................89

Dyscalculia ........................................................................90

Dysgraphia ......................................................................91

Dyspraxia ......................................................................91

Useful resources ...............................................93